75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5182-19 评定油磨损荷载能力的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method, the Forschungstelle für Záhnräder und Getriebebau (Research Site for Gears and Transmissions) Visual Method, commonly referred to as the FZG Visual Method, is intended to measure the scuffing load capacity of oils used to lubricate hardened steel gears. Scoring, a form of abrasive wear, is also included as a failure criteria in this test method. It is primarily used to assess the resistance to scuffing of mild additive treated oils such as industrial gear oils, transmission fluids, and hydraulic fluids. High EP type oils, for example, those oils meeting the requirements of API GL-4 and GL-5, generally exceed the capacity of the test rig and, therefore, cannot be differentiated with this test method. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 7, Section 8, 9.2, 9.3.1, and Annex A1. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)

ASTM D7038-15 汽车齿轮润滑剂耐湿腐蚀性评估的标准试验方法

5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion. 5.2 The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,8 SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. 1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

ASTM D5293-15 用冷起动模拟装置在-5℃和-30℃之间测量发动机油表面粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-495 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 6008201;mPa·s and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.88201;°C and between 2000 mPa·s and 208201;000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.98201;°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D26026 and CRC Report 409.5 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. 5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –18201;°C and –408201;°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.7 5.3 A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –58201;°C down to –408201;°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).8 5.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations. 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –108201;°C and –358201;°C at shear stresses of approximately 508201;0008201;Pa to 1008201;0008201;Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 9008201;mPa·s to 258201;000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2. 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oi......

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &x2013;10&x2009;&xb0;C and &x2013;35&x2009;&xb0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

ASTM D7546-15 通过相对湿度传感器测定新型和在役润滑油和添加剂中的水分的标准测试方法

5.1 Knowledge of the water content of lubricating oils, additives, and similar products is important in the manufacture, purchase, sale, transfer, or use of such petroleum products to help in predicting their quality and performance characteristics. 5.2 For lubricating oils, the presence of water can lead to premature corrosion and wear, an increase in the debris load resulting in diminished lubrication and premature plugging of filters, impedance to the effect of additives, and undesirable support of deleterious bacterial growth. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in new and in-service lubricating oils and additives in the range of 108201; mg/kg to 1008201;0008201;mg/kg (0.0018201;wt./wt. to 108201;% wt./wt.) using a relative humidity (RH) sensor. Methanol, acetonitrile, and other compounds are known to interfere with this test method. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Warning—Samples tested in this test method can be flammable, explosive, and toxic. Use caution when handling them before and after testing. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New and In-Service Lubricating Oils and Additives by Relative Humidity Sensor

ASTM D7669-15 实用润滑条件数据趋势分析标准指南

5.1 This guide is intended to provide machinery maintenance and monitoring personnel with a guideline for performing trend analysis to aid in the interpretation of machinery condition data. 1.1 This guide covers practical techniques for condition data trend analysis. 1.2 The techniques may be utilized for all instrumentation that provides numerical test results. This guide is written specifically for data obtained from lubricant samples. Other data obtained and associated with the machine may also be used in determining the machine condition. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend Analysis

ASTM D6681-15 高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机机油评价的标准试验方法—；Caterpillar 1P测试程序

5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:   Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine&x2014;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

ASTM D4485-15a 活性API服务类别发动机油性能标准规范

1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment. 1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing vessels. 1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating conditions. 1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the engine tests in this specification. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5.1 Exceptions:  1.5.1.1 The roller follower shaft wear in Test Method D5966 is in mils. 1.5.1.2 The oil consumption in Test Method D6750 is in grams per kilowatthour. Note 1: The kWh unit is deprecated. The preferred SI unit is the joule (J); 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. 1.5.1.3 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term. 1.5.1.4 Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other sources, and non-SI units are included.

Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils

ASTM D2265-15 超宽温度范围润滑脂滴点的标准试验方法

5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test. 5.2 Cooperative testing3 indicates that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 are in agreement up to 2608201;°C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease. 1.2  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide Temperature Range

ASTM D5133-15 使用温度扫描技术的低温 低剪切速率 粘度/温度对润滑油的依赖性的标准测试方法

5.1 Significance of Low-Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Engine Oil Rheology—The low-temperature, low-shear viscometric behavior of an engine oil determines whether the oil will flow to the sump inlet screen, then to the oil pump, then to the sites in the engine requiring lubrication in sufficient quantity to prevent engine damage immediately or ultimately after cold temperature starting. 5.1.1 Two forms of flow problems have been identified,4 flow-limited and air-binding behavior. The first form of flow restriction, flow-limited behavior, is associated with the oil's viscosity; the second, air-binding behavior, is associated with gelation. 5.2 Significance of the Test Method—The temperature-scanning technique employed by this test method was designed to determine the susceptibility of the engine oil to flow-limited and air-binding response to slow cooling conditions by providing continuous information on the rheological condition of the oil over the temperature range of use.4 ,5,7 In this way, both viscometric and gelation response are obtained in one test. Note 1: This test method is one of three related to pumpability related problems. Measurement of low-temperature viscosity by the two other pumpability Test Methods D3829 and D4684, hold the sample in a quiescent state and generate the apparent viscosity of the sample at shear rates ranging up to 158201;sec-1 and shear stresses up to 5258201;Pa at a previously selected temperature. Such difference in test parameters (shear rate, shear stress, sample motion, temperature scanning, and so forth) can lead to differences in the measured apparent viscosity among these test methods with some test oils, particularly when other rheological factors associated with gelation are present. In addition, the three methods differ considerably in cooling rates. 5.3 Gelation Index and Gelation Index Temperature—This test method has been further developed to yield parameters called the Gelation Index and Gelation Index temperature. The first parameter is a measure of the maximum rate of torque increase caused by the rheological response of the oil as the oil is cooled slowly. The second parameter is the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures. 1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.28201;s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 1008201;Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 18201;°C/h over the range −58201;°C to −408201;°C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity exceeds 408201;0008201;mPa·s (cP).

Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique

ASTM D942-15 通过氧弹法测定润滑脂的氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types. 1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in psi with kPa provided in parentheses for information only. 1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, all dimensions are in inches, with millimetres provided in parentheses for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Pressure Vessel Method

ASTM D6074-15 烃类润滑基油特性的标准导则

4.1 Refinery and re-refinery feedstock and the processes to which the feed is subject determine the composition of the base stock produced. Once produced, other potential sources of variation include storage, transportation and blending. It follows that lubricating base oils will be of variable chemical composition. For this reason, characterization criteria for hydrocarbon lubricant base oils are frequently chosen from properties such as those listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2. If specification limits are established, they are usually related to the intended use of the base oil. 4.2 The consistent performance of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils is a critical factor in a wide variety of applications such as engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids. In addition, in many of these applications humans are exposed to the base oils as a component of a formulated product such that health or safety considerations may need to be addressed. This guide suggests a compilation of properties and potential contaminants that are understood by those knowledgeable in the manufacture and use of hydrocarbon lubricants to be significant in some or all applications. A discussion of each of the suggested properties and potential contaminants is provided in Appendix X2, with each listed alphabetically within four categories. 4.3 The test methods, base oil properties, and potential contaminants suggested are those that would likely be useful in many common situations, although it is recognized that there are specific applications and situations that could have different requirements. Performance testing related to a specific application may serve as the basis for acceptability. 4.4 Issues such as frequency of testing and the specifics of how the test results are to be applied are not addressed in detail. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. This guide serves as a basis for that discussion. 1.1 This guide suggests physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods for characterizing hydrocarbon lubricant base oils derived from various refining processes including re-refining used oils and refining crude oil. This guide does not contain limits nor does it purport to cover all tests which could be employed; rather, it represents the first step in better describing important parameters of lubricant base oils affecting lubricant performance and safe handling. Tests have been identified to characterize the composition and performance of base oils in addition to verifying their consistency. Undesirable components have also been identified with a range of typical levels. These are not limits. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. 1.2 This guide applies only to base oils and not to finished lubricants. 1.3 Base oils containing detectable levels of esters, animal fats, vegetable oils, or other materials used as, or blended into, lubricants are not covered by this guide. 1.4 This guide is r......

Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils

ASTM D5579-15 在循环耐久性试验中评估手动变速器润滑剂热稳定性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance. 5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following: 5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1), 5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105, 5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and 5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification. 1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures. 1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range. 1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer. 1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

ASTM D7549-14 采用卡特皮勒C13评估高输出条件下重型发动机油的试验程序的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions. 5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance. 5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements. 1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditionsmdash;Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

ASTM D6923-14 采用卡特皮勒1R试验程序评估高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus and Installation 6  Intake Air System

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

ASTM D6618-14 评价柴油四冲程循环增压式1 m-PC单缸油试验发动机中发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 The test method is designed to relate to high-speed, supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, to the deposit control characteristics and antiwear properties of diesel crankcase lubricating oils. 5.2 The test method is useful for the evaluation of diesel engine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance. This test method, along with others, defines the minimum performance level of the API categories CF and CF-2 (detailed information about passing limits for these categories is included in Specification D4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-2104. 5.3 The results are significant only when all details of the procedure are followed. The basic engine used in this test method has a precombustion chamber (as compared to direct injection) and is most useful in predicting performance of engines similarly equipped. This factor should be considered when extrapolating test results. It has been found useful in predicting results with high sulfur fuels (that is, greater than 0.58201;wt8201;%) and with certain preemission controlled engines. It has also been found useful when correlated with deposit control in two-stroke cycle diesel engines. 1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston deposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see Note 1).Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be found in MIL-PRF-2104. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope 1 Reference Documents 2 Terminology

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine

ASTM D6891-14 评估IVA序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant’s effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.Note 1—This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3. 1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D5293-14 使用冷起动模拟器对5℃至35℃之间发动机油和基础油表观粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-495 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 6008201;mPa·s and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.88201;°C and between 2000 mPa·s and 208201;000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.98201;°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D26026 and CRC Report 409.5 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. 5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –18201;°C and –408201;°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.7 5.3 A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –58201;°C down to –408201;°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).8 5.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations. 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –58201;°C and –358201;°C at shear stresses of approximately 508201;0008201;Pa to 1008201;0008201;Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 9008201;mPa·s to 258201;000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2. 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,......

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between ndash;5deg;C and ndash;35deg;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

ASTM D6984-14 评估IIIF序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. 5.2 The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test method indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. 5.3 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. 5.4 The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test method provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. 5.5 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test method. 5.6 The Sequence IIIF engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIE test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as: 5.6.1 Specification D4485, 5.6.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and 5.6.3 SAE Classification J183. 1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inches for ring gap measurements are to be regarded as standard, and where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D4636-14 液压油, 飞机涡轮发动机润滑剂和其它高级精制油的腐蚀性和氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method simulates the environment encountered by fully formulated lubricating fluids in actual service and uses an accelerated oxidation rate to permit measurable results to be obtained in a reasonable time. The use of metals provides catalytic reactive surfaces of those materials commonly found in real systems. The high temperature and air agitation help accelerate the oxidation reactions that are expected to occur. Moisture in the air adds another realistic condition that encourages oil breakdown by facilitating acid formation. 4.2 Interpretation of results should be done by comparison with data from oils of known field performance. The accelerated conditions likely will cause one or more of the following measurable effects: mass change and corroded appearance of some metals; change of viscosity; increase in acid number; measurable reaction products in the form of sludge; and mass loss of oil due to evaporation. 4.3 This test method is most suitable for oils containing oxidation and corrosion inhibitors. Without such ingredient(s), the severe test conditions will yield rather drastic changes to the oil. 1.1 This test method covers the testing of hydraulic oils, aircraft turbine engine lubricants, and other highly refined oils to determine their resistance to oxidation and corrosion degradation and their tendency to corrode various metals. Petroleum and synthetic fluids may be evaluated using moist or dry air with or without metal test specimens. 1.2 This test method consists of a standard test procedure, an alternative Procedure 1, and an alternative Procedure 2. As there are variations possible with this test method, it will be up to the particular specification to establish the conditions required. In addition to temperature, the variables to specify if other than those of the standard procedure or alternative Procedure 1 or 2 are: test time, air flow and humidity, sample frequency, test fluid quantity, and metal specimen(s). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old equipment based on non-SI units. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stability of Hydraulic Oils, Aircraft Turbine Engine Lubricants, and Other Highly Refined Oils

ASTM D5704-14 评定手动传动和最后传动轴用润滑油热及氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies. 5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: 5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7 5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8 5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and 5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D. 1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles